Annual Drinking Water Quality Report January-December 2023
The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma
We are pleased to present to you this year's Annual Water Quality Report. This report is designed to inform you about the quality of water and services we deliver to you every day. Our constant goal is to provide you with a safe and dependable supply of drinking water. We want you to understand the efforts we make to continually improve the water treatment process and protect our water resources. We are committed to ensuring the quality of your water. Our water sources are three groundwater wells. The water we supply comes from the Alluvial Sand of the Quaternary Age Aquifer. Well #1 is located on Plateau Avenue. Well #2 located on the corner of Third Street and Plateau Avenue and Well # 3 at the corner of Woodland Avenue and Seventh Street. We add chlorine to the water to kill bacteria, lime to produce a desirable water quality by raising the pH level to reduce corrosion and acidic conditions. Zinc orthophosphate is used for corrosion control. We serve approximately 2579 customers and have 2 storage tanks for a combined capacity of 950,000 gallons. We also have additional connections with Saraland Water for emergency purposes only.
In compliance with the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM), The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma has developed a Source Water Assessment that will assist in protecting our water sources. This plan provides additional information such as potential sources of contamination. It includes a susceptibility analysis, which classifies potential contaminants as high, moderate, or non-susceptible to contaminating the water source. Over 75% of the potential contaminants sited in our assessment areas were ranked as non-susceptible and medium risk. The report has been completed and approved by ADEM. A copy of the report is available in our office for review, or you may purchase a copy upon request for a nominal reproduction fee. We are pleased to report that our drinking water is safe and meets federal and state requirements. Please help us make this effort worthwhile by protecting our source water. Carefully follow instructions on pesticides and herbicides you use for your lawn and garden, and properly dispose of household chemicals, paints, and waste oil.
If you have questions about this report or concerning your water utility, please contact The Satsuma Water and Sewer office at (251) 675-1257. We want our valued customers to be informed about their water utility. If you want to learn more, please attend our regularly scheduled meetings held on the Second Monday of every month at 5:30 P.M. at the Water and Sewer Board office located at 5502 Old Highway 43, Satsuma, Alabama. Please visit our website at www.satsumawater.com for more information.
BOARD MEMBERS
Mark Barlow, Chairman Jason Skelton, Vice-Chairman Charles Harben
Derrick Ross Emanuel Phillips
Important Drinking Water Definitions:
Action Level (AL) - The concentration of a contaminant that triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system shall follow.
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) - The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) - The level of a contaminant in drinking water below, which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) – The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG) – The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
Millirems per year (mrem/yr) - Measure of radiation absorbed by the body.
Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) - Nephelometric turbidity unit is a measure of the clarity of water. Turbidity in excess of 5 NTU is just noticeable to the average person.
Non-Detects (ND) - Laboratory analysis indicates that the constituent is not present.
Parts per million (ppm) or Milligrams per liter (mg/L) - One part per million corresponds to one minute in two years or a single penny in $10,000.
Parts per billion (ppb) or Micrograms per liter (µg/L) - One part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000 years, or a single penny in $10,000,000.
Parts per trillion (ppt) or Nanograms per liter (ng/L) - One part per trillion corresponds to one minute in 2,000,000 years, or a single penny in $10,000,000,000.
Parts per quadrillion (ppq) or Picograms per liter (pg/L) - One part per quadrillion corresponds to one minute in 2,000,000,000 years or one penny in $10,000,000,000,000.
Picocuries per liter (pCi/L) - Picocuries per liter is a measure of the radioactivity in water.
Treatment Technique (TT) - A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.
Threshold Odor Number (T.O.N.) - The greatest dilution of a sample with odor-free water that still yields a just-detectable odor.
Variances & Exemptions - ADEM or EPA permission not to meet an MCL or a treatment technique under certain conditions.
Explanation of reasons for variance/exemptions
Based on a study conducted by ADEM with the approval of the EPA a statewide waiver for the monitoring of asbestos and dioxin was issued. Thus monitoring for these contaminants was not required.
The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma routinely monitors for contaminants in your drinking water according to Federal and State laws. Unless otherwise noted, the data presented in the following tables show the results of our monitoring period of January 1st to December 31st, 2023.
| Table of Primary Contaminants | |||||
| At high levels some primary contaminants are known to pose a health risk to humans. This table provides a quick glance of any primary contaminant detections. * | |||||
| Contaminant | MCL | Amount Detected | Contaminant | MCL | Amount Detected |
| Bacteriological | o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) | 600 | ND | ||
| Total Coliform Bacteria | <5% | 3% | p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) | 75 | ND |
| Turbidity | TT | <5 | 1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb) | 5 | ND |
| Fecal coliform and E. coli | 0 | ND | 1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb) | 7 | ND |
| Fecal Indicators | TT | ND | cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) | 70 | ND |
| Radiological | trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) | 100 | ND | ||
| Beta/photon emitters (mrem/yr) | 4 | ND | Dichloromethane (ppb) | 5 | ND |
| Alpha emitters (pCi/l) | 15 | ND | 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb) | 5 | ND |
| Combined radium (pCi/l) | 5 | 0.05 | Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (ppb) | 400 | ND |
| Uranium ppb | 30 | ND | Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (ppb) | 6 | ND |
| Inorganic Chemicals | Dinoseb (ppb) | 7 | ND | ||
| Antimony (ppb) | 6 | ND | Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD] (ppq) | 30 | Waived |
| Arsenic (ppb) | 50 | ND | Diquat (ppb) | 20 | ND |
| Asbestos (MFL) | 7 | ND | Endothall (ppb) | 100 | ND |
| Barium (ppm) | 2 | ND | Endrin (ppb) | 2 | ND |
| Beryllium (ppb) | 4 | ND | Epichlorohydrin | TT | ND |
| Bromate (ppb) | 10 | ND | Ethylbenzene (ppb) | 700 | ND |
| Cadmium (ppb) | 5 | ND | Ethylene dibromide (ppt) | 50 | ND |
| Chloramines (ppm) | 4 | ND | Glyphosate (ppb) | 700 | ND |
| Chlorine (ppm) | 4 | ND | Haloacetic acids (ppb) | 60 | 1.10 |
| Chlorine dioxide (ppb) | 800 | ND | Heptachlor (ppt) | 400 | ND |
| Chlorite (ppm) | 1 | ND | Heptachlor epoxide (ppt) | 200 | ND |
| Chromium (ppb) | 100 | ND | Hexachlorobenzene (ppb) | 1 | ND |
| Copper (ppm) | 1.3 | 0.98 | Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (ppb) | 50 | ND |
| Cyanide (ppb) | 200 | ND | Lindane (ppt) | 200 | ND |
| Fluoride (ppm) | 4 | ND | Methoxychlor (ppb) | 40 | ND |
| Lead (ppb) | 15 | ND | Oxamyl [Vydate] (ppb) | 200 | ND |
| Mercury (ppb) | 2 | ND | Pentachlorophenol (ppb) | 1 | ND |
| Nitrate as N (ppm) | 10 | 0.22 | Picloram (ppb) | 500 | ND |
| Nitrite (ppm) | 1 | ND | Polychlorinated biphenyls | ||
| Selenium (ppb) | 50 | ND | (PCBs) (ppt) | 500 | ND |
| Thallium (ppb) | 2 | ND | Simazine (ppb) | 4 | ND |
| Organic Chemicals | Styrene (ppb) | 100 | ND | ||
| Acrylamide | TT | ND | Tetrachloroethylene (ppb) | 5 | ND |
| Alachlor (ppb) | 2 | ND | Toluene (ppm) | 1 | ND |
| Atrazine (ppb) | 3 | ND | TOC (Total Organic Carbon) | TT | ND |
| Benzene (ppb) | 5 | ND | Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) (ppb) | 80 | 6.30 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene [PAHs] (ppt) | 200 | ND | Toxaphene (ppb) | 3 | ND |
| Carbofuran (ppb) | 40 | ND | 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) (ppb) | 50 | ND |
| Carbon tetrachloride (ppb) | 5 | ND | 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb) | 70 | ND |
| Chlordane (ppb) | 2 | ND | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb) | 200 | ND |
| Chlorobenzene (ppb) | 100 | ND | 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb) | 5 | ND |
| 2,4-D (ppb) | 70 | ND | Trichloroethylene (ppb) | 5 | ND |
| Dalapon (ppb) | 200 | ND | Vinyl Chloride (ppb) | 2 | ND |
| Dibromochloropropane (ppt) | 200 | ND | Xylenes (ppm) | 10 | ND |
| *previous sampling cycle if not required this cycle; ppm = parts per million, ppb = parts per billion, ppt =parts per trillion; Waived = Statewide waiver; ND=Non-detect | |||||
All drinking water, including bottled drinking water, may be reasonably expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. It's important to remember that the presence of these contaminants does not necessarily pose a health risk. The EPA or ADEM requires us to monitor for certain contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants do not change frequently.
The table below lists all of the drinking water contaminants that we detected.
| Table of Detected Contaminants | ||||||||
| Parameter | MCL | Results | Average | Units | Source | Date | Likely source of contamination | Listing |
| Bromodichloromethane (THM) | 80 | ND to 2.1 | < 2.1 | ppb | Distribution Sample | July & December 2023 | By-product of drinking water chlorination | PDWS |
| Calcium | - | ND to 5.4 | < 5.4 | ppm | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Naturally occurring | UR |
| Carbon Dioxide | - | ND to 11 | < 11 | ppm | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Naturally occurring | UR |
| Chloroform (THM) | 80 | 1.7 | < 1.7 | ppb | Distribution Sample | July & December 2023 | By-product of drinking water chlorination | PDWS |
| Total Coliform (count/100) | < 5% | ND to 3 | < 3 | colonies per 100 mL | TP102 Raw Water | Jan to Dec 2023 | Naturally present in the environment | PDWS |
| Copper | 1.3 | ND to 0.37 | < 0.37 | ppm | Distribution Sample | 2022 | Corrosion of household plumbing systems; Erosion of natural deposits; Leaching from wood preservatives | PDWS |
| Dibromochloromethane (THM) | 80 | 1.70 | ND to 1.7 | < 1.7 | Distribution Sample | July & December 2023 | By-product of drinking water chlorination | PDWS |
| Haloacetic Acids (Dichloroacetic Acid) | 60 | ND to 1.1 | < 1.1 | ppb | Distribution Sample | July & December 2023 | By-product of drinking water disinfection | PDWS |
| Iron | 0.3 | ND to 0.3 | ppm | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Corrosion of household plumbing; Erosion of natural deposits | SDWS | |
| Magnesium | - | ND to 20 | < 20 | ppm | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Naturally occurring | UCMR-4 |
| Nitrate as N | 10 | 0.22 | 0.22 | ppm | TP102 | Nov-23 | Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of natural deposits | PDWS |
| Radium (Combined 226 & 228) 228 | 5 | 0.05 | 0.05 | pCi/l | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Naturally occurring | PDWS |
| Sodium | - | ND to 6.4 | < 6.4 | ppm | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Naturally occurring | UR |
| Silver | 0.1 | ND to 0.04 | < 0.04 | ppm | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Naturally occurring | SDWS |
| Total Alkalinity | - | ND to 30 | < 30 | ppm | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Naturally occurring | SDWS |
| Total Dissolved Solids | 500 | ND to 90 | < 90 | ppm | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Naturally occurring | SDWS |
| Total Hardness | - | ND to 16 | < 16 | ppm | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Naturally occurring | UR |
| Zinc | 5 | ND to 0.6 | < 0.6 | ppm | TP102 & TP104 | 2022 | Naturally occurring | SDWS |
| UR = unregulated; Dist = distribution; PDWS = Primary Drinking Water Standard; SDWS = Secondary Drinking Water Standard; TT = treatment technique | ||||||||
| ppm = parts per million; ppb = parts per billion, SU = standard units, pCi/l = picocuries per liter, ml = milliliter | ||||||||
General Information
The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and radioactive material, and it can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activities.
The Satsuma Water and Sewer board was issued one non-compliance during 2023. The Non-Compliance was a Public Notice Violation.
We’re proud that your drinking water meets or exceeds all Federal and State requirements. We have learned through our monitoring and testing that some contaminants have been detected. The EPA has determined that your water IS SAFE at these levels. MCLs are set at very stringent levels. To understand the possible health effects described for many regulated contaminants, a person would have to drink 2 liters of water every day at the MCL level for a lifetime to have a one-in-a-million chance of having the described health effect.
Total Coliform: The Total Coliform Rule requires water systems to meet a stricter limit for coliform bacteria. Coliform bacteria are usually harmless, but their presence in water can be an indication of disease-causing bacteria. When coliform bacteria are found, special follow-up tests are done to determine if harmful bacteria are present in the water supply. If this limit is exceeded, the water supplier must notify the public by newspaper, television or radio. To comply with the stricter regulation, we have increased the average amount of chlorine in the distribution system.
Lead in Drinking Water: If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead.
Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. People who are immuno-compromised such as cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients, HIV/AIDS positive or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. People at risk should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)/CDC (Center of Disease Control) guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbiological contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline. All Drinking water, including bottled drinking water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
In our continuing efforts to maintain a safe and dependable water supply it may be necessary to make improvements in your water system. The costs of these improvements may be reflected in the rate structure. Rate adjustments may be necessary in order to address these improvements.
Thank you for allowing us to continue providing your family with clean, quality water this year. In order to maintain a safe and dependable water supply we sometimes need to make improvements that will benefit all of our customers. These improvements are sometimes reflected as rate structure adjustments. Thank you for understanding.
We at the Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma work around the clock to provide top quality water to every tap. We ask that all our customers help us protect our water sources, which are the heart of our community, our way of life and our children’s future.
For more information contact:
The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma
5502 Old Highway 43
P O Box 559
Satsuma, Alabama 36572-9559
Telephone (251) 675-1257 Fax (251) 675-1807
